Showing posts with label Seed Saving. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Seed Saving. Show all posts

Thursday, October 17, 2013

Why?



 
 
Often I am asked “why?” Why did I just buy a 120-year-old wood cook stove? Why did I grow 1,100 pounds of squash? Why am I teaching my horses to pull? Why grow my own food and save my own seeds? Why act as my own doctor when I could pay a professional? After all, none of that could exactly be classified as “normal”.


When I finished school, my plan was to build the fish business I had going at the time, perfect my homemaking skills, and learn new skills that would prepare me to be a better wife and mama someday. My studies quickly grew into an interest in current events and prophecy. The more I studied, the more things I discovered that I didn’t know. Sure, I knew how to cook on an electric stove, but what if I didn’t have electricity?


Unfulfilled prophecies, 56 trillion dollars of debt, one in five dependent on food stamps, antibiotic resistant diseases, war, EMPs, the list goes on. Worst of all is the spiritual and moral decline, the “tolerance” which is really intolerance, and the persecution of believers around the world. We live in an interesting, and exciting time. If Christ does not return soon, things will be rough, especially for believers. We may see the worst times yet in the history of the world. Most of you are not prepared. You are not afraid, which is good, but neither do you have any clue about how to survive. You say that God will provide. Will he cause bread to fall from heaven when you knew ahead of time what would happen and were unprepared? He might, I don’t know, but why would he do the supernatural to save you when you knew what was coming and could have been ready? Proverbs 3:25-26 says “Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh. For the Lord shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken.” Fear is not the same as using wisdom and common sense to be reasonably prepared for what will happen. When times get rough, will God send someone to give you food, or will you be the one to give food and share the gospel with others?


I don’t know what is going to happen, but we know from Matthew 24, Mark 13 and Luke 21 that there will be wars, famines, earthquakes, signs in heaven and persecution. We know from what is happening in this country that we will likely have to do without, maybe without electricity, perhaps without cars, without a store to buy things at, without the internet, or without a doctor, maybe all of the above. Don’t be afraid, but be ready. Consider the possibilities and have a plan. At the very least, learn the basics of gardening, keep some heirloom seeds on hand and have the tools you will need. Don’t shop day to day, keep enough food and medicine on hand to see you through a temporary crisis and have a plan to renew your supply if needed. A bag of beans is cheap and can easily be sprouted in jars. Dandelions grow everywhere; the entire plant is edible and nutritious. Garlic is easy to grow, and tests have shown it to be more effective than an antibiotic.


Above all, be ready for eternity, “And when these things begin to come to pass, look up, for your redemption draweth nigh.” – Luke 21:28
 
 
Some good resources:
 
The Encyclopedia of Country Living by Carla Emery
Be Your Own Doctor by Rachel Weaver
Seed to Seed by Suzanne Ashworth
The Backyard Homestead by Carleen Madigan
 
 

Wednesday, October 9, 2013

Squash



 
Easy to grow, easy to store and yummy to eat, winter squash is one of my favorite crops to grow. My seeds had a low germination rate this year because of last year's short season - nine out of ten didn't even come up. Still we harvested about 1,100lbs of winter squash for winter eating and chicken feed, what a blessing!
 
Squash is divided into several different species, and varieties within each species will cross with each other. The two most common species are Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima.
 
C. pepo includes most summer squashes (including zucchini), acorn squash, small gourds and many pumpkins.
 
C. maxima includes some pumpkins, banana squash, buttercup, hubbard and turban squashes.  With larger leaves and larger seeds than C. pepo, as well as a longer storage life, they also take a bit longer to grow. This group needs to be cured for a week to ten days at 70-80 degrees before storage.
 
C. pepo Winter Luxury Pie Pumpkin is one of my favorites. In my climate they can be anywhere from 2-15lbs. They have always been gone by February so I can't say how long they will store.
 
What is a pumpkin? Everyone knows what they are, but they really are not any particular species. Any winter squash that is somewhat round and orange could be considered a pumpkin.
 
C. pepo Bitterroot Acorn is a genetically diverse squash varying in color and in size (1 1/2-3lbs). Any that are left rapidly go bad in January.
 
C. pepo Costata Romanesca Zucchini is a favorite I've talked about before. In order to save seeds from summer squash, they need to grow as large as they will and harden like a winter squash. This one was hand pollinated and "seed" lightly scratched onto the surface while it was soft so we would know to leave it on the vine.
 
C. maxima Sweet Meat Squash is a delicious good keeper ranging from 8-15lbs.
 
C. Maxima Bitterroot Buttercup, another good keeper, is 2-6lbs.
 
C. maxima Australian Butter Squash is new to me. It grew 6-12lbs this year.
 
My favorite method of growing squash is to dig a long trench and fill it with compost. I plant the seeds 10-12" apart and 1/2" deep. Early in the season I try to keep up on the weeds, but healthy squash plants with soon smother most of them. Fruit that resists a fingernail scratch is ready to be harvested. They can handle a light frost, but be sure to get them inside before a hard freeze. Go over the field several times as the vines begin to die back - I always miss some the first time around. Store them in a cool, dry place where there is no danger of freezing. For me that is the barn, but I've heard of storing them under a bed. Check them often and remove any that begin to rot or get soft. These can usually be salvaged if you catch them quick enough and cut off the bad spots. Fruits that don't have stems, were harvested before they were ripe, or were exposed to too much frost will be the first to go bad.
 
What to do with them? All of the squashes I grow make delicious pumpkin pies, cooked at 350 until tender then pureed in a food processer. Several times a week we slice one in half, scoop out the seeds and bake at 350 until tender - 1-2 hours depending on size. Serve with butter and maple syrup or brown sugar. I also cook them for the chickens.
 
Saving seeds from squash is fairly easy. If you have only one variety within a species you can simply save the seeds you scoop out when you go to cook the fruit. If you have more than one variety within a species, you will need to hand-pollinate. In the evening tape shut the blossoms that are about to open, making sure to get both male (just a flower on top of a stem) and female (a flower on top of a tiny green fruit) flowers. The next morning remove the tape and rub pollen from the male flowers inside the female flowers and tape them up again immediately, making sure no bees get in there with pollen from another plant. Mark the squash you hand-pollinated. The seeds will continue to ripen inside a fruit for about three weeks after it has been picked.
 
 

 
 
 
 

Saturday, July 20, 2013

Garden Volunteers and July Harvesting

Our last frost was in early May, a month earlier than last year, which has given the garden a much better start. We are enjoying fresh lettuce, kale, snow and snap peas, baby beets, broccoli, string beans, garlic, new potatoes and a variety of herbs. My strawberry plants have finally started producing and the apple trees are both looking promising. The first of the zucchini are almost ready! We've been drying big baskets and boxes of herbs - peppermint, catnip, oregano, plantain, dandelion root, red clover, yarrow and wormwood.
 
I've discovered that saving my own seeds leads to quite a few volunteers! Parsnips, garlic, potatoes, lettuce, catnip, orach, kale and radishes are some that have gone wild. They grow in the paths and mixed in with the other crops I plant, making for a messy looking but productive garden.
 


The wormwood I planted seems to be keeping the deer out of the garden. This is the third year that they have left it alone as long as the wormwood is green.
 
 


Catnip



Yarrow
















Sunday, August 19, 2012

Parsnip Seeds!

Harvesting is the most fun part of gardening, and saving my own seeds means I get to harvest not only the veggies, but also the seeds. Yesterday I harvested parsnip seeds. After putting them through screens to remove bugs, twigs and other foreign objects, it looks like I will get about a gallon and a half of seeds, a lot since parsnip seeds only last a year.

Parsnips are biennials that make the roots you eat their first year.  In the Bitterroot, they can survive in the ground, uncovered over winter before sending up a stalk and making seeds their second year. Carrots and Beets are also overwintering biennials, but both need to be covered or dug, stored over winter and replanted the following spring in our climate. Beets will cross with chard if they are blooming at the same time. Carrot seeds will last about three years, beets will last six.

Seed Saving Books

Seed to Seed by Suzanne Ashworth

Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties by Carol Deppe




Thursday, August 2, 2012

Open Pollinated vs. Hybrid Seeds and GMOs

An open pollinated crop (often abbreviated to OP in seed catalogs) is pure and will reproduce identical plants, while a hybrid (or F1) is a cross between different varieties. When you plant hybrid plants, you will get a crop of similar plants which will likely mature earlier and be more vigorous than an open pollinated variety, but if you save seeds from those plants, the next generation will be a mismatched pool of totally different plants. Some will be like the parent hybrids, while others will be like each of the varieties that the hybrids originally came from. If you buy your seeds each year, hybrids are great, but if you want to save your seeds each year, you want open-pollinated varieties. Gardeners have saved their own seeds for thousands of years. It is vital that we continue to do so, not only to preserve the heirloom varieties passed down for decades and centuries, but more importantly in face of the rapidly growing monopoly of genetically engineered (or GMO) seeds that has taken over the market. Genetically engineered (aka genetically modified organisms or GMOs) different than hybrids. The following article explains it well.

Science Fiction Horror Story
by Michael Pearl

Which word in the title is erroneous: Science—Fiction—Horror—Story? It’s the word fiction. The food you eat is no longer the food God made for the human body.

Evolutionary scientists have irreversibly changed the DNA of plant, animal, and human cells. They are uncreating God’s creation, rendering staple foods unfit for human or animal consumption.

I recently read two books, and the following article contains quotes from those books (indicated by quotation marks), with some of my own observations. You need to buy and read both of them: Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette by Jeffrey Smith. The converging lines of evidence in these books indicate conclusively that genetically modified (GM) crops are inherently dangerous and may be responsible for the unfolding health disaster in the U.S.A.
All living organisms, whether plant or animal or human, are constructed of cells. Each cell contains the entire DNA chain of information that constitutes an organism―what it is―and differentiates it from all others. Each cell is made of billions of atoms, intelligently designed and arranged to contain and dispense complex information that assures the function, adaptation, survival, and procreation of the species.

Genetic engineering is the process of artificially tampering with these God-given, natural genetic blueprints. Genetic engineering (or bio-engineering) is a technique to splice, delete, add, isolate, and recombine or transfer genes from one organism to another that may be totally unrelated. Alteration of genes and chromosomes causes disruption and disturbance in the biochemical structure of species (plant or animal) and can result in species mutation.

“The discovery in the mid-1970s that scientists could transfer genes from the DNA of one species into that of another was heralded as a major scientific breakthrough. Plants, animals, and other organisms could now become equipped with genes that could never occur naturally and exhibit traits not previously found in their species or even their kingdom.

“Scientists have since worked on some interesting combinations. Spider genes were inserted into goat DNA, in hopes that the goat milk could contain spider web protein for use in bulletproof vests. Cow genes turned pigskin into cowhides. Jellyfish genes lit up pigs’ noses in the dark. Arctic fish genes gave tomatoes and strawberries tolerance to frost. Potatoes glowed in the dark when thirsty. Human genes were inserted into corn to produce spermatocides.

“The single dominant GM trait is herbicide tolerance. Crops are engineered to survive an otherwise toxic dose of weed killer.

“The second popular GM trait is a built-in pesticide. The plant produces pesticidal toxins in every cell. Monarch butterflies are killed when feeding on the corn. If a plant kills bugs, do you want to breathe its pollen, eat honey made from its nectar, or ingest the plant?

“Virtually an entire Filipino village of about 100 people living adjacent to a large field of Bt corn [genetically altered to produce a toxin that kills bugs] were stricken by a disease. The symptoms, which appeared at the time the corn was producing airborne pollen, included headaches, dizziness, extreme stomach pain, vomiting, chest pains, fever, and allergies, as well as respirator, intestinal, and skin reactions. Many, if not all of the villagers exposed to the GM-maize pollen in 2003, have remained ill to this day. Furthermore, there have been five unexplained deaths in the village. In total, 96 people got sick. In addition, nine horses, four water buffalo, and 37 chickens died soon after feeding on the GM maize.”

The increase in the number of people afflicted with chronic diseases in the United States roughly corresponds to the period when Americans began eating GM foods.

Proponents of creating Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) try to sell us the lie that what they are doing is just hybridization by a different method. Not so. Genetic engineering is not in any way similar to hybrid plants or selective breeding. “Plant breeders have worked with this system (selective breeding of plants) for thousands of years, selecting parents with desired characteristics, such as yield and disease resistance, in the hope that the offspring expresses both. With genetic engineering, however, a single gene is removed from the DNA of one organism and forcibly inserted into another. This doesn’t happen naturally.

“A pig can mate with a pig and a tomato can mate with a tomato. But there is no way a pig can mate with a tomato. Using genetic engineering, however, pig genes can be inserted into a tomato and vice versa.” This transfer of genes across the natural barriers established by God at creation is an arrogant and reckless confusion of nature. It is introducing chaos into perfect order.

“Another problem is that inserted genes may transfer from food into gut bacteria or internal organs. Animal studies demonstrate that ingested DNA can travel through the body, even into the fetus via the placenta. Trans-genes from GM crops fed to animals have been found in their blood, liver, spleen, and kidneys. The only published human feeding trial on GM food verified that genetic material inserted into GM soy transfers into the DNA of our intestinal bacteria.”

Manufacturers of genetically-modified organisms assure us that the genetically-modified cells are destroyed in the stomach when eaten and cannot be transferred to the host. However, Sidney Pierce spent 20 years studying the green sea slug that eats algae and somehow transfers the plant genes into its body. The slug then possesses the algae’s ability to produce chlorophyll from sunlight—a universal trait of plants but not of animals. The young slugs must eat algae until they accumulate enough of its genes to begin manifesting the plants’ ability to convert sunlight into energy. The slug can then be sustained on sunlight alone, like a plant, without further eating. Pierce says, “It certainly is possible that DNA from one species can get into another species, as these slugs have clearly shown, but the mechanisms are still unknown.”

Scientists have discovered genetically-modified cells present in the organs of animals fed GM food. Corrupted DNA never becomes uncorrupted. It is passed on to future generations.
“Lab animals tested with GM foods had stunted growth, impaired immune systems, bleeding stomachs, abnormal and potentially precancerous cell growth in the intestines, impaired blood cell development, misshapen cell structures in the liver, pancreas, and testicles…alerted gene expression and cell metabolism, liver and kidney lesions, partially atrophied livers, inflamed kidneys, less developed brains and testicles, enlarged livers, pancreases, and intestines, reduced digestive enzymes, high blood sugar, inflamed lung tissue, increased death rates, and higher offspring mortality. About two dozen farmers report that GM corn varieties caused their pigs or cows to become sterile. 71 shepherds say that 25% of their sheep died from grazing on Bt cotton plants (altered to be toxic to bugs), and others say that cows, water buffaloes, chickens, and horses also died from eating GM crops. Filipinos in at least five villages fell sick when nearby Bt corn was pollinating, and hundreds of laborers in India report allergic reaction from handling Bt cotton. Soy allergies skyrocketed by 50% in the United Kingdom soon after genetically-engineered soy was introduced; and one human subject out of the few tested showed a skin prick, allergic-type reaction to GM soy, but not to natural soy. In the 1980s, a GM food supplement killed about one hundred Americans and caused sickness and disability in another five to ten thousand people.”

Genetically-altered soy, corn, cotton, and canola and their derivatives are found in 70% of all processed foods. If you have ever eaten a corn chip, corn flakes, or a tortilla, you have eaten GM organisms.

Tomatoes were genetically-engineered to have a shelf life of months instead of just days. Great for farmers, right? Except that when they fed laboratory rats a diet of GM tomatoes, many of them quickly developed lesions in their stomachs, and about a fourth of the rats died within two weeks. The control group of rats fed natural tomatoes did not manifest any of the negative reactions experienced by the GM-fed rats.

By now you might be thinking, “Well, I will just avoid corn, soy, and canola oil, and eat squash and papaya instead.” They are re-engineered, as well! Do you avoid sugar, relying on artificial sweetener? Aspartame is the product of genetic engineering. Do you ever drink milk or serve it to your children? What about cheese or yogurt? Cows are injected with genetically- engineered growth hormones. It so speeds up their milk production that the cows are used up and discarded in about two years. Many farmers testify that twenty-five percent of their herds don’t live that long. They suffer from infections in their udders, making it necessary to constantly inject them with antibiotics. What do those same growth hormones do when ingested by humans? Just examine the statistical rise in breast cancer in the last 20 years.

Eat more chicken? It, too, is injected with GM organisms. As the breasts on chickens get bigger, so do the breasts on young boys eating the chicken, and breast cancer continues to rise.

Wild animals will repeatedly reject the GM crops in preference for natural corn and soy. Deer and elk will walk through a large GM field to get to a small plot of natural corn. If geese, squirrels, rabbits, deer, elk and rats have an aversion for GM crops, should humans eat them? What do the animals know that we don’t?
What does God say about modifying his creation?

“So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so. And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good” (Genesis 1:27, 31).

Can you believe it? God designs his human creation after his own image, tailors the plant and herbs to the exact food specifications humans and animals require, and then pronounces that it is all very good. And what do scientists do? They say, “It is good, but not good enough; we can do better,” and then proceed to re-create what God created. It produces havoc, and they forge ahead undaunted in their “mission.” They are like four-year-old children dismantling a computer to improve upon it.

I say with the Psalmist, “I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought [like needlework] in the lowest parts of the earth. Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them” (Psalm 139:14–15).

If the above verse says anything, it says that before we were born, God designed the very substance of our beings—recording the design in a book—and then fashioned us after that secret design. We are awesome and wonderful in design, a marvelous work of God. Who could dare to improve upon the master design of the God of creation?
Clear prohibition against modifying God’s creation.

“Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds: lest the fruit of thy seed which thou hast sown, and the fruit of thy vineyard, be defiled” (Deut. 22:9).

Note, God did not want his original seeds mixed so as to cause them to lose their inherent uniqueness. The result of mixing seeds produces a seed that was “defiled.”

“Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with mingled seed” (Leviticus 19:19). Again, God is concerned to maintain the seed’s and the cattle’s original character.

“And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good” (Genesis 1:11–12). God designed everything to bring forth after its singular kind, and neither a mixed kind, nor a new kind.

We live in strange times, when man has begun to move into God’s laboratory and is attempting to sabotage his design and change the very structure of creation. They dream of cloning humans, mix human and animal genes, throw in a few plant genes and come up with a Frankenstein monster. Science fiction has become a vision for tomorrow.

There was an earlier time, about 1800 years after creation, when men pooled their knowledge and built a city and a tower to reach unto heaven. “And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.” (Genesis 11:6). This is a fascinating verse. God concedes that when many people combine their knowledge, they will not be restrained from accomplishing their wildest imaginations. So he divided them into diverse language groups to prevent them from conferring and sharing their knowledge and skills. That language barrier God put into place is now obsolete. Scientists of the world cooperate and share their knowledge. We are again at the place where “nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.”

But God will have the last say in the Great Tribulation “which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth” (Rev. 3:10). “And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth” (Rev. 11:18). I have never been sure what this passage referred to—“God destroys them which destroy the earth.” Surely it is not killing the snail darter or wiping out the buffalo that has angered God to the point of exercising “great wrath” upon all flesh. Nothing man has ever done is one percent as destructive as permanently changing the DNA of God’s creation. Look out Monsanto, Dupont: here comes the Judge!
What can you do?

First, you must be informed. The military-industrial complex is little more than a local gun store compared to the agricultural-industrial complex. When media outlets have attempted to publish the facts concerning GMOs in our food chain, they have been intimidated into silence by their largest advertisers—the producers of genetically-modified foods. When politicians get wise to the conspiracy to control the food chain, they are silenced by the fear of losing large gifts to their campaigns. You must get informed. Purchase the book, Seeds of Deception, and become acquainted with the issue. Go online, and read about GMOs. Stop buying foods that have been altered. Write to the manufacturers, and inform them that you will not eat their GMOs.

All we ask is that the government mandate labeling of GM foods. Just put a label on the product that says Genetically Modified. There have been many failed attempts to force labeling. The industry knows that once products are labeled, the public will ask, “So, what’s the difference?” and it will all be over for the agricultural-industrial complex. Labeling. Demand labeling.

In the meantime, grow your own food. If the grocery store labels food as organic, it is not genetically modified. Learn which plants have been altered and which ones maintain the integrity God gave them. GM tomatoes and potatoes have been removed from the market due to obvious health tragedies. Rice and beans are not modified, and, to my understanding, neither are any of the salad vegetables. Wheat, rye and barley are still good. Avoid all cooking oils and salad oils, and all prepared foods containing canola, corn, or soy. Avoid bread, crackers, chips, cakes, pies, and cookies containing corn, soy, or oils or derivatives of the same. Avoid milk, cheese, yogurt, cream cheese, sour cream or any food prepared with milk products. Avoid meats from animals that have been fed GMO grains or injected with GMOs.

You do realize that you won’t be able to eat at your standard restaurant, don’t you? If in the process of throwing out all processed foods you cease eating all corn syrup and sugar, within three days to a week you will see a remarkable improvement in your family’s health and in the temperament of your children.

You can go online and purchase Seeds of Deception by Jeffrey Smith, or you can order it at a discount from BulkHerbStore.com (call toll-free 1-877-278-4257). Check out their heirloom seeds, too.

Article from the No Greater Joy magazine. Subscribe at www.nogreaterjoy.org or write No Greater Joy, 1000 Pearl Road, Pleasantville, TN 37033.

Pea Trials

My first crop of peas is about finished and I have planted more in hopes of a fall harvest. I grew seven varieties of snow, snap and shelling peas this year, but will narrow it down to my favorites for next year. I am looking for tall varieties that do well in our climate and produce well over a long period of time. I prefer heirloom varieties for all of my seeds, but I am open to new open-pollinated varieties. Of my seven varieties, I found a definite new favorite - Mammoth Melting Sugar Snow Pea. This variety is a tall 1906 heirloom and produced a heavy harvest of large, sweet peas. My vines have been producing since the first week of July and are still going. Oregon Giant Snow and Sugarsnap both produced a good harvest, but not outstanding. Mayfair Shelling Pea was not particularly impressive, but I have heard really good things about the variety, so will give it another chance. Amish Snap and Green Arrow Shelling Pea did not do well.